Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bengali: Shekh Mujibur Rohm) (March 17, 1920 - August 15, 1975) was a Bengali politician and the founding leader of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, generally regarded in the country as the father of the Bangladeshi nation. He headed the Awami League, first served as the President of Bangladesh and later became Prime Minister STI. He is popularly known as Sheikh Mujib, and with the honorary title of Bangabandhu (Bôngobondhu, "Friend of Bengal"). His eldest daughter Sheikh Hasina Wajed is the present leader of the Awami League and the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh.Political A student leader, rose Mujib in East Pakistani politics and within the ranks of the Awami League as a charismatic speaker and powerful. An advocate of socialism, Mujib became popular for historical and institutional leadership against the ethnic discrimination of Bengal. I call on the province greater autonomy and became a fierce opponent of the military dictatorship of Ayub Khan. The increase of the average voltage ratio Mujib outlined autonomy to 6-point plan, as was seen separatism in West Pakistan. He was allegedly in 1968 for conspiring with the Indian government tried but not convicted. Leading historical Despite a major party to victory in the 1970 elections, Mujib was not invited to form the government.
After talks with President Yahya Khan and West Pakistani politician Zulfikar Ali broke Bhutto, Sheikh Mujib to 26 March 1971 declaration of independence for East Pakistan and was announced the establishment of the sovereign People's Republic of Bangladesh. [1] [2] [3] was then arrested him and before a military court. To be 9 months in prison broke Düring, guerrilla war between government forces and Bengali nationalists of India supported. An all out war between the Pakistani army and Bangladesh and India Joint Forces led to the creation of Bangladesh, and after his release Mujib assumed office as provisional president and later prime minister. Already adopted as a constitution, proclaimed socialism and intensely secular democracy, Mujib battle for the challenges of unemployment and poverty, coupled with corruption. In the wake of the famine of 1974 [4] and in the midst Rising political agitation, are prohibited, SOLID, other political parties and a party state. After more than
ly seven months, Mujib MOST of the murdered along with his family by a group of officers.
Was Born in Tungipara Rahman, a village in Gopalganj district in the province of Bengal, [5] Lutf Sheikh Rahman, serestadar, an officer responsible for record-keeping at the Gopalganj civil court. I was the third child in a family with four daughters and two sons. In 1929, Rahman entered in three classes at public school Gopalganj, and two years later, four class Islamia High School Madaripur. [6] However, surgery Mujib Withdrawn from school in 1934 in the eye and came after just four years after the school because of the seriousness of the operation and slow recovery. [Edit] At the age of eighteen, Mujib married Begum Fazilatnnesa. She gave birth to her two daughters, Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana, and three sons, Sheikh Kamal, Sheikh Jamal and Sheikh Russel [6].
Mujib was politically active as I have in the All India Muslim Students Federation in 1940. [7] I was at the Islamia College (now University Maulana Azad), a respected college as a member of the University of Calcutta, according to law and politics included a student survey used there. He joined the Bengal Muslim League in 1943 and raised in the vicinity of the Group of Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, led a leading Bengali Muslim leader. [Edit] During this time Mujib actively worked for the league cause of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan and in 1946 I was elected General Secretary of Islamia College Students Union. After the preservation of historical financial statements in 1947 Mujib became one of the Muslim politicians working under Suhrawardy that during the communal violence broke out in Calcutta in 1946, shortly before the partition of India. [8]
Mujib, a student leader in 1949
After his return to East Bengal, I wrote in the University of Dhaka, by legal and found the Muslim East Pakistan Students' League and one of the most prominent students studying Became Political leaders in the province. In those years, Mujib developed an affinity for socialism as the ideal solution for mass poverty, unemployment and poor living conditions. [Edit] On 26 January 1949 the government officially announced that the dignity of the state language of Pakistan Urdu be. Although he still in jail, Mujib encouraged fellow activist groups to launch strikes and prosthesis, and undertook a hunger strike for 13 days. [Edit] After the declaration of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the province chief minister Khwaja Nazimuddin in 1948 that people in East Pakistan, Bengal would mainly have adopted Urdu as official language, agitation broke out in the population. Mujib led organization, the Muslim Students League strikes and prostheses, and was on along with his colleagues of the 11th Police March arrested. [9] [10] The outcry of students and political activists led to the immediate release of Mujib and the others. Mujib was expelled from the university and arrested again in 1949 for attempting to organize the menial and clerical staff in an agitation on Workers' Rights [5].
[Edit] Early political career
See also: Bengali Language Movement
Mujib's political career, so join the Muslim League to Suhrawardy and Maulana Bhashani in the formation of the Awami Muslim League, the predecessor of the Awami League. He was the joint secretary of East Pakistan in 1949 STI unit selected. While Suhrawardy work to build a larger coalition of East Pakistani and socialist parties, Mujib focus on expanding the base organization. [Edit] In 1951, Mujib began organizing rallies and prosthesis in response to the killings by the police protesting students who opposed the declaration of Urdu as the sole official language. This period of turmoil, known later as the Bengali language movement saw Mujib and many other Bengali politicians arrested. In 1953 I was made the party's general secretary, and elected to the East Bengal Legislative Assembly on a United Front coalition ticket in 1954. [Edit] In short, arrested as the Minister of Agriculture, WAS Mujib short to set up a protest by the central government on the decision of the United Front Ministry dismissed. He was chosen in the second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, and was based on based on 1955 to 1958. [5] During a speech in the Assembly on the proposed plan to the provinces in favor of Amalgamated West Pakistan and East Pakistan with a strong central government, Mujib called for to preserve the Bengali people's ethnic identity and popular to be ruling that when decide to resolve the issue:
"Sir [President of the Constituent Assembly], you will see that they want to place the word" East Pakistan "instead of" East Bengal. "We had asked that Many Sun Times, you should instead of Pakistan Bengal. The word" Bengal "has a history that has its own tradition. You can change it only after the men were interviewed. What is the issue of a unit concerned dog eats it in the Constitution. Why do you want it to now? be taken What is the state language, Bengali? We will be ready to consider a device with all these things. So I appeal to my The friends page, so that people its decision in Any Way Give way of referendum or in the form of plebiscite. "[11]
In 1956 Mujib Added a second coalition government as minister for industry, trade, labor, anti-corruption and help the village, but resigned in 1957 to work full time for the party organization. [Edit] When General Ayub Khan Imposed suspended the Constitution and the laws of war in 1958 Mujib was arrested and up for organizational resistance 1961st [5] After his release from prison began Mujib an underground political organization committee of the Swadhina Bangal Biplobi Parishad (Free Bangla Revolutionary Council), comprising: a student leader to oppose the regime of Ayub Khan and for increased political power for Bengalis work and independence of East Pakistan. In short, he was again arrested in 1962 for organizing prosthesis [10].
[Edit] Head of the East Pakistan
Main article: Six-point movement
Shaheed Suhrawardy with Husayn Mujib, 1949
After Suhrawardy death in 1963, Mujib meat head of the Awami League, which has become one of the largest political parties in Pakistan. [Edit] The party had the word "Muslim" name dropped from STI in a shift towards secularism and the Broader appeal to non-Muslim communities. Mujib was a key leader of the opposition Rally for President Ayub Khan's Basic Democracies Plan, the imposition of martial law and the one-unit system, which centralized power and merged the provinces. [12] Working with other political parties, I supported the opposition candidate against Ayub Khan Fatima Jinnah in the 1964 election. Mujib was arrested two weeks before the election, charged with sedition and imprisoned for one year. gave [10] In these years there are increasing discontent in East Pakistan on the atrocities committed by the Pakistani forces against Bengal and the neglect of the problems and needs of East Pakistan by the ruling regime. [13] Despite forming a majority of the population, representing the poor in Bengal civil service of Pakistan, police and military. gave [edit] Are there conflicts between the allocation of revenue and taxes. [Edit]
Continuing unrest in distributed denial of democracy to Pakistan and historical Mujib increased opposition to the resolution of the provinces. In 1966, Mujib proclaimed 6-point plan, entitled Our Charter of Survival at a national conference of opposition parties in Lahore, [5], in which I ask of self-government and considerable political, economic and defense policy autonomy for East Pakistan in a Pakistani federation with a weak central government. [12] according to his plan:
1. The constitution was for a federation of Pakistan in the true sense of the Lahore Resolution and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise locations.
2. The federal government should be only two themes: defense and foreign affairs, and all other subjects are to be transferred to the Residuary federate States.
3. Two separate but freely convertible currencies for two wings should be entered, or is this possible, if not, it should be a single currency for the country to adopt, but effective constitutional provisions to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan be. Furthermore, a bank book separate and separate fiscal and monetary policy units are established for East Pakistan.
4. The power of taxation and tax collection are to be transferred to the federating units and the federal center will have no such power. The Federation is entitled to a share in state taxes, spending STI Meet.
5. There should be two separate accounts for foreign exchange earnings of the two wings, should hit the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government through the two wings equally or in a fixed ratio to be indigenous products move duty free between the two wings, and the Constitution of the Empower- units, links to U.S. trade CREATE abroad.
6. East Pakistan, a separate partition militia or paramilitary forces.
Mujib's points Catalyse public support in East Pakistan, launching what some historians call the 6-point motion - Recognized as the final move for the autonomy and the rights of the Bengalis in Pakistan. [Edit] Mujib For the broad support of Bengal, including Hindus and other religious communities in East Pakistan. However, historically, were radical demands in western Pakistan and interpreted as a thinly veiled separatism. Proposals West alienated the Pakistani people and politicians, as well as non-Bengalis and Muslim fundamentalists in East Pakistan. [Edit]
Mujib was arrested by the army and after two years in jail opened, an official with sedition trial in a military court. Have been widely accused of Agartala Conspiracy Case, Mujib and 34 Bengali officers known to share the government of colluding with the Indian government agents in a scheme of Pakistan and threaten its unity, order and national security. The action should be planned in the city of Agartala Have, in the Indian state of Tripura. [5] The outcry and unrest over Mujib's arrest and the charges of sedition against East Pakistan, it destabilizes the midst of large prosthesis and strikes. Several Bengali political demands and student groups added to the questions of students, workers and the poor, forming a larger "11-point plan." The government Caved to the mounting pressure, had charged and released unconditionally Mujib. He returned to East Pakistan as a public hero. [Edit]
Joining an all-party conference convener of Ayub Khan in 1969, asked Mujib to accept his six points and the demands of other political parties and Walk Out After STI rejection. On 5 December of 1969 Mujib a statement in a public meeting held to observe the anniversary of East Pakistan in future Suhrawardy that would be called "Bangladesh"
"There was a time when all is going efforts to delete the word Were" Bangla "from this country and his card. The existence of the word" Bangla "was found nowhere except in the term of the Bay of Bengal. I speak on behalf of Pakistan to announce today that this country "Bangladesh" is called instead of East Pakistan. "[10]
Mujib statement raised tensions throughout the country. The West Pakistani politicians and the military was seeing him as a separatist leader. His claim Bengali cultural and ethnic identity also re-defined the debate over regional autonomy. Many scholars and observers believe the Bengali agitation emphasizing the rejection of the two-nation theory - the case, had made calls to finish Pakistan - by the assertion of ethno-cultural identity of Bengalis as a nation. can support [14] Mujib was Galvanise during East Pakistan, home to a majority of the national population, Malthus made him one of the most powerful political figures in the Indian subcontinent. It was after his 6-point plan Mujib was increasingly the historical, to the fans as "Bangabandhu" (literally, "Friend of Bengal" in Bengali). [Edit]
[Edit] 1970 elections and independence
See also: This time, fighting for our freedom
Maulana Sheikh Mujib with Bhashani in a protest march
A major coastal cyclone hit East Pakistan in 1970, leaving hundreds of thousands dead and millions of resentment. The subsequent period Exposed extreme outrage and unrest over the perceived weak and ineffective response by the central government. acted [edit] Public opinion and political parties in East Pakistan on purpose as a government organization Blame negligence. [Edit] The West Pakistani politicians Attack of the Awami League for allegedly use the crisis for political purposes. [Edit] The discontent led to divisions within the administration, police and Pakistani armed forces. [Edit] In the elections of December 1970, the Awami League under Mujib leadership massive majority won in the provincial legislature, and all but two of East Pakistan, the share of seats in the new National Assembly shall constitute a clear majority Malthus [5] .
The election results in polarization between the two wings of Pakistan's Revealed, with the largest and most successful party in the West as Pakistan Peoples Party of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujib was completely on the other hand, demand for greater autonomy. [Edit] Threat of Bhutto to boycott the Assembly and the government when Mujib was invited by Yahya Khan (the then President of Pakistan), to form the next government, demanding inclusion of his party. There was also opposition in the Pakistani military and Islamic political parties, Mujib Becoming Prime Minister of Pakistan is widespread. [Edit] And though Mujib Neither the league had rules expressly advocates for the political independence of East Pakistan (open at least), smaller nationalist groups demanding independence for Bangladesh. [Edit]
After the political deadlock, Yahya Khan delayed the convening of the Assembly - a step of Bengal as a plan to Mujib party seen Founded deny a majority of Taking Charge. [Edit] It was on 7 March 1971 Mujib's demand for independence and asked the people to start a large campaign of civil disobedience and organized armed resistance at a mass gathering of people on the racecourse ground in Dhaka instead. [Edit]
"The struggle now is the struggle for our emancipation is a struggle now to fight for our independence. Joy Bangla! .. We have been given blood, we will donate more blood. God willing, freed the people of this country Will Be .. . Every Turn Into a fortress home. Face (the enemy) with what you have. "[Edit]
After a last attempt to promote an agreement, "Yahya Khan Said martial law, banned the Awami League and ordered the army, Mujib Bengali and other leaders and activists arrested. [Edit] The army operation searchlight on the political and civil unrest stem the nationalist militias fighting that thought they had spoken to an education in India on army radio as the STI events started crackdown, Mujib's Bangladesh declared its independence at midnight on 26 March 1971. [10] [15]
"This is to be my last message, perhaps, from today Bangladesh independent. I the people of Bangladesh Wherever You Might call Be and with what you have to pay to the army of occupation to the last resistance. Continue your fight must until the last soldier of the Pakistani occupation army from the soil of Bangladesh distributed. Final victory is ours. "
Leaflets and brochures to the public opinion of independent Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented his iconic as the character drive
Sheikh Mujib was arrested and deported to Pakistan after midnight on Tejgaon international airport on a PAF C-130 flight in front of the nose of the ATC Officer Squadron Leader Khaja, Senior Operations Officer Khademul Bashar Wing Commander and Director of the Airport and Flight Security Squadron Leader M. Hamidullah Khan. These were in use throughout the night by the state of emergency. Mujib was moved to West Pakistan and held under heavy guard in a jail near Faisalabad (then Lyallpur). Many other League politicians evades arrest by fleeing to India and other countries. [Edit] WAS Khan Pakistani general Rahimuddin Appointed on Mujib military court case in Faisalabad chaired the discussions that have never been published. [16]
The Pakistani army degenerated campaign to restore order quickly in a rampage of terror and bloodshed. [17] With Known as Razakar militia, the army targeted Bengali intellectuals, politicians and union leaders, and ordinary civilians. It targeted Bengali and non-Bengali Hindus in the region, and throughout the year a large number of Hindus fled across the border into the neighboring Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. [18] The East Bengali army and police regiments soon revolt and leaders of the government in exile based in Calcutta on Tajuddin Ahmad, a politician close to Mujib. A major uprising of the Mukti Bahini (Freedom Fighters) was established in East Pakistan led. Despite international pressure, refused on the Pakistani government to release Mujib and negotiate with him. Most of the Mujib family under house arrest during this period. His is Sheikh Kamal was a key officer in the Mukti Bahini, which was part of the struggle between the forces of the state and the nationalist militia during the war, when the liberation war, Bangladesh was known. According to Indian intervention in December 1971, the Pakistani army surrendered to the common force of Bengali Mukti Bahini and Indian Army and the League leadership has a government in Dhaka.
After taking over the presidency to Yahya Khan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto withdrawal response to international pressure and released Mujib to 8 January 1972. IF I flew to London I met with British Prime Minister Edward Heath and address of the international media. Mujib then flew to New Delhi on an aircraft of the Royal Air Force of the British government, which take him back to Dhaka. was in New Delhi, I received from Varahagiri Venkata Giri Indian President and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the entire Cabinet and Chief of the Indian armed forces. WAS Delhi Since a festive look as Mujib and Indira address huge crowds WHERE I publicly expressed gratitude Indira Gandhi historical and "the best friends of my people, the people of India. From New Delhi, flew Sheikh Mujib returned to Dhaka on the RAF where I was Received by a massive jet and emotional sea of people on Tejgaon Airport.
[Edit] Governing Bangladesh
Short Suspected Mujibur Rahman and the provisional presidency was later resigned as prime minister heading all organs of government and decision making. And I've Ahmad Tajuddin Dismissed After a controversial inner-party power struggle occurred during the arrest Mujib had. [Edit] Politicians in 1970 I formed the provisional parliament election of the new state. The Mukti Bahini and other militias Amalgamated to form a new army to transfer Bangladesh, the Indian forces on 17 to control March. [10] Mujib described the consequences of the war as "the greatest human catastrophe in the world," The claim by the death of as many as 3 million people and the rape of more than 200,000 women. The government there was serious challenges to the rehabilitation of millions of people displaced in 1971, including, organizing the supply of food, health, AIDS and other necessities. The impact of the 1970 cyclone had not carried out, and the state's economy had dramatically worse by the conflict. should [edit] Also there was violence against non-Bengalis and groups who are believed supported the Pakistani armed forces. By the end of the year, thousands of Bengalis from Pakistan, and thousands of non-Bengalis migrated to Pakistan, but many thousands remain in refugee camps. [Edit]
Achieved recognition from Bangladesh after major country clubs to give Bangladesh Mujib workers in the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement States. [Edit] I in the United States, the United Kingdom and other European countries, humanitarian aid and development biology for the nation are traveling. [10] He signed a treaty of friendship with India, which promises far-reaching economic and humanitarian assistance and began training in Bangladesh security forces and government personnel. [19] Mujib forged a close friendship with Indira Gandhi, [20] Stark praised the decision by India to teach, and confess admiration and friendship for India. The two governments, in close collaboration during the life remain Mujib. [20]
It is calculated to write the provisional parliament, a new constitution, and proclaimed the four fundamental principles of "nationalism, secularism, democracy and socialism" to come to the dignity known as "Mujibism." to [20] Mujib nationalized hundreds of industries and companies, and abandoned land and capital and initiated land reforms to help millions of poor farmers. [21] Great efforts have been initiated to rehabilitate an estimated 10 million Refuge. The economy and famine began to recover, was on sale. [22] was promulgated constitution and elections held in 1973 were the results of a majority of Mujib and historical party with absolute power. [5] He outlined additional programmed state to primary education, sanitation, food, health, water and electricity supply throughout the country expand. A five-year plan in 1973, targeted investments in the state of agriculture, rural infrastructure and crafts released. [23]
Although the state was committed to secularism, Mujib soon move closer to political Islam by government and personal conduct guidelines. [24] He revived the Islamic Academy (which was banned in 1972 for suspected collusion with the Pakistani armed forces) and banned the production of alcohol and prohibited the practice of gambling, which was one of the main demands of Islamic groups. [24] Bangladesh Mujib sought membership in the Organization of Islamic Conference and the Islamic Development Bank and opened significativa trip to Lahore in 1974 to attend the OIC summit to repair relations with Pakistan workers to an extent. [24] In his public appearances and speeches made use of the Mujib Islamic greetings, slogans and references to Islamic ideologies INCREASED. In his last years, Mujib largely abandoned his trademark "Joy Bangla" form of address for "Khuda Hafiz" by Muslim religious preference [24].
In 1974, Bangladesh Experience The deadliest famine However, the Bangladesh killed around 1.5 million people from hunger. The Bangladesh famine of 1974 is a major source of discontent against Mujib government. People in Bangladesh are ashamed, insulted and Demoralized as a nation for this famine, which was due to a food crisis, but to Amartya Sen, but because of the lack of democratic governance and practices.
[Edit] BAKSAL
Sheikh Mujib addresses the foundation meeting of the BAKSAL
Mujib government soon began to encounter dissatisfaction and unrest INCREASED. His program of industrial nationalization and socialism for want of trained personnel, inefficiency, corruption and poor leadership suffered. [21] Mujib almost exclusively on national issues and problems of Local Government and neglected Malthus Focused. The Party and the central government control was weak and full of exercise equipment democracy, organized with the election did not like that on the local or grass roots level. [25] Political opposition included communists and Islamic fundamentalists who were angered by the declaration of a secular state. Mujib WAS criticized nepotism in the family for the appointment of members to key positions. [20] A famine in 1974 further intensified the food crisis, and devastated agriculture - the mainstay of the economy. [5] the strong criticism of Mujib was about lack of political leadership failed policies on pricing and rising inflation amid heavy losses suffered nationalize industry. Mujib ambitious online programs interpreted Bad, because of the scarcity of resources, money and people, causing unrest among the masses. [21]
The famine of 1974 had deeply shocked and Mujib personally affected his views on governance [26], while political unrest has led to increasing violence. I then began to increase his powers. On 25 January 1975 Mujib declared state of emergency and his political followers approved a constitutional amendment banning all opposition parties. Assumed Presidency and WAS Mujib view of the emergency powers. [20] [27] His political supporters to form the Amalgamated only political party, the Awami League in Bangladesh Sramik Krishak, commonly legalized ITS BAKSAL initials acquaintances. [5] The party identifies with the rural masses, farmers and workers and took control of government machinery. Also, it started great socialist programs. With the government forces and the militia of the trailer is called, which led Mujib Bahini Jatiyo Rakkhi the arrest of opposition activists and strict control of political activities across the country. The members of the Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini Were immunity from prosecution and other legal proceedings granted. [27] [28] The militia and police RakhiBahini known as accused of torture and political killings were suspected.
